Abstract
In this cross-national study, we explore the different ways of reasoning-and-proving (RP) presented in three 8th grade textbooks, one from each country: Turkey, Norway, and Slovakia. While the analysis revealed that all three textbooks contain similar numbers of problems involving some form of RP, differences exist in terms of the dominating ways of reasoning. In particular, while empirical reasoning dominates in the Turkish textbook, deductive reasoning is the dominant way of reasoning in the Slovak and Norwegian textbooks, with the Norwegian textbook having a significantly larger proportion of one-step deductions than its Slovak counterpart. This study is limited to only three countries, with only one textbook selected in each country. We discuss the findings and implications of our findings for textbook developers and teachers. Recommendations for further research, considering the limitations of the study, are also given.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article Type: Research Article
INT ELECT J MATH ED, Volume 20, Issue 3, August 2025, Article No: em0829
https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/16185
Publication date: 01 Jul 2025
Online publication date: 19 Mar 2025
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